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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs' understanding and ability to draw on relational affordances and learning-internal factors, were significant. RIs from TS and ZL for instance were able to cite their local professor relationship as the primary reason for their pragmatic decision to avoid criticism of a strict professor (see examples 2). This article examines all local research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on pragmatic fundamental topics like: Discourse Construction Tests The test for discourse completion is a commonly used instrument in pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but it also has a few disadvantages. For example, the DCT is unable to account for cultural and personal differences in communication. Furthermore the DCT is susceptible to bias and can lead to overgeneralizations. It is essential to analyze it carefully before it is used in research or evaluation. Despite its limitations, the DCT is a useful tool to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability of the DCT in two or more stages to influence the social variables that are related to politeness could be a benefit. This ability can aid researchers understand the role of prosody in communication across cultural contexts, a key issue in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field of linguistics DCT is among the most effective tools for analyzing communication behaviors of learners. It can be used to examine various aspects, including politeness, turn taking, and lexical selection. It can be used to evaluate phonological complexity in learners speaking. A recent study employed an DCT to test EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were presented with an array of scenarios and were required to choose a suitable response from the choices provided. The authors found the DCT to be more effective than other methods for refusing like videos or questionnaires. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be used with caution and include other types of data collection methods. DCTs can be developed using specific linguistic criteria, such as design and content. These criteria are intuitive and based on the assumptions of test designers. They may not be accurate and may misrepresent how ELF learners actually respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more research on alternative methods of testing refusal competence. A recent study has compared DCT responses to requests made by students through email with those gathered from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally indirect requests and utilized more hints than email data. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study examined Chinese learners' pragmatic choices in their use of Korean by using a range of tools that were tested, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs), metapragmatic questionnaires, and Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs with upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to MQs and DCTs. They were also required to provide reflections on their opinions and refusals in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs often resisted native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four major factors: their personalities, their multilingual identities, ongoing life histories, and relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment. The MQ data was analyzed first to determine the participants' choices in practice. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, 프라그마틱 게임 were compared with their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine if they were a reflection of pragmatic resistance or not. Interviewees also had to explain why they chose a pragmatic behavior in certain situations. The results of the MQs and DCTs were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. It was found that the CLKs frequently used euphemistic responses such as “sorry” and “thank you.” This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language, which led to a lack of understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference to diverge from L1 and 2 norms or to move toward L1 differed based on the DCT situations. For example, in Situation 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms whereas in Situation 14, they favored converging to L1 norms. The RIs further revealed that CLKs were aware of their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis within a period of two days of participants having completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, and then coded by two independent coders. The coding process was an iterative process in which the coders read and discussed each transcript. The coding results are then contrasted with the original RI transcripts to determine how well they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior. Interviews with Refusal One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is why learners choose to resist pragmatic norms that native speakers use. Recent research sought to answer this question using various experimental tools including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants included 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. The participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2 levels. Then they were invited to attend a RI where they were asked to consider their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that, on average, the CLKs resisted the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their answers. They did this despite the fact that they were able to produce patterns that closely resembled natives. In addition, they were conscious of their own pragmatism. They attributed their decision to learner-internal factors like their identities and personalities as well as multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors, like relationship advantages. They described, for example, how their relationships with their professors allowed them to perform better in terms of the cultural and linguistic expectations of their university. The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures and penalties they might face if their local social norms were not followed. They were concerned that their native interlocutors may view them as “foreignersand consider them unintelligent. This concern was similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are no longer the norm for Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. Future researchers should reconsider the applicability of these tests in different cultural contexts and specific situations. This will allow them to better know how different cultures can affect the pragmatic behavior of L2 students in the classroom and beyond. This will also aid educators develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consultancy. Case Studies The case study method is a method that focuses on deep, participatory investigations to study a specific subject. It is a method that makes use of numerous sources of data to support the findings, including interviews, observations, documents, and artifacts. This kind of research can be used to analyze complicated or unique subjects that are difficult for other methods of measuring. The first step in the case study is to define the subject and the goals of the study. This will allow you to determine which aspects of the topic should be studied and which can be omitted. It is also beneficial to study the literature that is relevant to the topic to gain a better knowledge of the subject and place the case study within a larger theoretical context. This study was conducted on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study revealed that L2 Korean students were extremely susceptible to native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answers that were literal interpretations. This was a deviation from the correct pragmatic inference. They also showed an unnatural tendency to include their own text, or “garbage,” to their responses, further detracting from their response quality. The participants in this study were all L2 Korean students who had attained the level of four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second university year and were aiming to achieve level six on their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, their pragmatic awareness and understanding and their knowledge of the world. Interviewees were presented with two hypothetical situations which involved interactions with their counterparts and asked to select one of the strategies below to employ when making an offer. Interviewees were then asked to justify their choice. The majority of the participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personality. For instance, TS claimed that she was difficult to talk to, and she therefore was reluctant to inquire about the well-being of her friend with a heavy workload despite the fact that she believed that native Koreans would do this.